Mitigating 8 Common Challenges Faced During Confined Space Rescues

Confined spaces present unique challenges to rescue teams due to the specific nature of each space, the work that was being conducted when a rescue became necessary and changing environmental conditions. In this article, we explore the 8 most common challenges faced by rescue teams and propose mitigating actions for them.

1. Limited access and egress

Problem – Most confined spaces have only one entry point so if it becomes blocked or otherwise inaccessible, it can be challenging to reach victims to safely extract them.

Mitigation – Workers must remain in constant communication with a team outside of the space, and if, at any point, their exit route is threatened by deteriorating conditions, they must report this immediately so that specialized tools can be obtained prior to the arrival of the rescue team.

2. Toxic gases

Problem – Many confined spaces lack oxygen, and sometimes the work conducted can trigger or ignite toxic gases.

Mitigation – If the presence of toxic gases is suspected, the rescue team must use appropriate PPE and extraction techniques.

3. The structural integrity of the space is compromised

Problem – If the victim has become entrapped due to falling debris, flooding or collapse of the confined space, they can suffocate, drown or be injured.

Mitigation – If the confined space is unstable, specialist equipment should be used to maintain its structural integrity while the rescue is conducted.

4. Communication difficulties

Problem – It can be hard to communicate in confined spaces due to poor signal or noise disturbances.

Mitigation – Long-range radios should be used, and regular check-ins performed to ensure communications are maintained.

5. Physical constraints

Problem – Confined spaces can be tight and narrow, causing physical strains and secondary injuries.

Mitigation – A confined space rescue team must be physically fit and able to safely navigate within confined spaces when performing a rescue mission.

6. Time

Problem – When someone is trapped in a confined space, time is of the essence to rescue them before they succumb to their injuries, oxygen deprivation or exposure to hazardous gases.

Mitigation – The rescue team must act quickly, following defined safety protocols and communicating clearly with each other and the victim to enact the rescue in the shortest possible time frame.

7. Need for specialist equipment

Problem – Rescuing victims from confined spaces often requires the use of specialist equipment, such as breathing apparatus and harnesses, which may not be present on site.

Mitigation – A confined space rescue team must bring with them all the equipment that they are likely to need.

8. Insufficient training

Problem – Because of the unique nature of every confined space, rescuers may be uncertain as to how best to proceed when faced with a new scenario.

Mitigation – Insufficiently trained personnel should not be allowed to enter a confined space as their lack of confidence could threaten the success of the mission. All rescuers must be highly competent, fully trained and able to operate confidently in simulated environments before attempting a confined space rescue.

By understanding these 8 common challenges, specialist rescue teams can put in place the necessary mitigations to increase the chances of a successful rescue.